Mental retardation is a congenital defect that illness that is irreversible, and patients display slower learning, poor motor skills when compared to normal children of the same age and generally show a lower intellectual level. This paper examines important issues related to mental retardation. What is Mental Retardation A Condition Previously Known As Mental Retardation Education Essay. IntroductionIntellectual disablement (ID), a status antecedently known as mental deceleration, is defined as a disablement characterized by important restrictions both in rational operation and in adaptative behaviour as expressed in conceptual, societal, and practical adaptive accomplishments and that the footing for the Mental Retardation Essay Essay on Mental Retardation in American Society. Mental Retardation in American Society Mental retardation is a very Essay on Mental Retardation in Flowers for Algernon. A drug to treat a type of mental retardation has showed promise. I The Neurobiology of Mental
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Caring for people with mental retardation has evolved over time. Since the s, the way that the society views such people has changed. They have the right to live normal lives. In addition, mental retardation essay, institutions for such people closed down, and awareness creation mental retardation essay how to care for them has spread to the society. Mental retardation essay diagnosis, etiology and treatment of mental retardation have improved over time.
Intensive study on this area has identified the possible causes and treatment of mental retardation. This paper aims at identifying the history, causes, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of mental retardation.
It will also focus on the skills required by the person with mental retardation, as well as, their parents or caregivers in order to improve their quality of life, mental retardation essay.
Calculate Price Type of assignment Urgency Writer level Number of pages Spacing Currency: Order total: Mental retardation, also known as intellectual disability, is a condition diagnosed before a child attains 18 years. In some cases, it can be diagnosed before birth or during infancy. It has a lasting implication on the development of a child.
It results in reduction in the childs ability to cope independently and reduced ability to learn new skills and understand new information, mental retardation essay. The child mental retardation essay impaired social mental retardation essay and intelligence.
The Individuals with Disability Education Act state that mental retardation refers to significant sub-average general intellectual functioning that presents itself together with reduced adaptive behavior and manifests during a childs developmental period, mental retardation essay, and has an adverse impact on the performance of the child in education.
The term mental retardation is mental retardation essay medical term. In the UK, the term mental handicap was in use, but the term learning disability has displaced it. The legal term is mental impairment and learning difficulties used in the education sector in the UK. The term used in Australia, USA and Canada include developmental disabilities and intellectual disabilities, mental retardation essay. The victim suffers from below average intellectual functioning, accompanied by disability in adaptive skills such as self-care, social skills, communication, health and safety, self-direction, and work among others, mental retardation essay.
A person with mental retardation has an intellectual quotient IQ of 70 or below. This is the traditional measure for intellectual functioning. However, mental retardation essay individuals with an IQ below 70 can be exempted from the diagnosis of mental retardation. This happens when the person does not show any significant deficiency in adaptive behavior.
Mental retardation can be mild, moderate, or severe. Among the ancient Romans and Greeks, children born with mental retardation were left to die during infancy, mental retardation essay. The society felt that the birth mental retardation essay such children resulted from gods anger. However, among the Romans, the children born with mental retardation in wealthy homes lived healthy lives Volkmar, Prior to the 18th century, societies differed on the mental retardation essay in which they treated people with mental retardation, mental retardation essay.
InJean-Marc Itard, a French medical doctor, developed a skill based program for an uncontrollable child. Eduoard Seguin developed the program further to establish a program to educate the mental retardation patients at Saloetriere Hospital in Paris. Seguin went to the USA mental retardation essay published a book, mental retardation essay, Idiocy and its Treatments in Psychological Methods in During the early and mids, Americans were optimistic about the rehabilitation, training and reintegration of people with a disability into the society, mental retardation essay.
In the late s, urbanization and industrialization required intellectual ability for a person to get employment opportunities. The job market required more intellectual ability than physical. The society blamed intellectually disabled people for the illnesses, poverty and high crime rate that came with urbanization.
As a result, they became segregated and institutionalized Radford, InSir Francis Galton established the eugenics movement that nature determined the intellect and personality of an mental retardation essay. This established the basis of inheritability of mental retardation. The people who supported eugenics believed that medicine interfered with Darwins natural selection theory keeping the weak species alive Bachrach, Development of psychological testing in early s improved the identification of people suffering from mental retardation, but it also increased segregation and institutionalization, mental retardation essay.
Mental retardation essayresearch conducted showed that mental retardation resulted from multiple causes other than the genetic explanation given by the eugenics Radford, Since the beginning of the 20th century, the rights, policies and laws protecting individuals with mental retardation began coming up.
Since the early s, the focus on early intervention and community based rehabilitation has increased. Research has shown that institutionalization brings about dehumanization, and it deteriorates their quality of life and adaptive behavior. Institutionalization of mentally retarded people has reduced in the USA, Canada, Norway, and England Beadle-Brown, The most appropriate method of establishing a comprehensive and specific mental retardation diagnosis uses a three step process.
The first step involves a standardized measurement of adaptive skills and intelligence. There are numerous instruments used to enhance accuracy. The impact of language, environmental and cultural factors should be considered when choosing the test. The impact of other associated physical disabilities, such as vision, hearing, and illness should also be considered among others. The measure of adaptive skills involves questionnaires completed by a parent or a caregiver.
The second step involves the definition of the individuals needs and strengths in intellectual ability, health, adaptive behavior, social roles and contextual considerations. The context of individuals community should also be taken into account. Since the needs may change, reassessment is necessary, mental retardation essay. The children who have mental retardation resulting from this cause can only be diagnosed after starting school.
They face serious learning difficulties. These children come from unstable, poor, and often disrupted backgrounds. They lack intellectual stimulation, inferior interaction quality, as well as environmental deprivation Volkmar, When mental retardation essay environment and background deprive a child the chance to get basic learning skills, they find it difficult to learn the complex schoolwork.
Such children fall behind in schoolwork and intelligence tests ratings. Most of the children reveal prematurity, little medical care, and insufficient diet in their history. Mild retardation is caused by genes that bring variation in intelligence. Some mental retardation types, for example, Downs syndrome, result from family genes. Defects in the genes result in metabolic alterations that impact on the development of the brain.
Mental retardation associated with defects in the genes and mental retardation essay range from moderate to severe. Studies have shown that prematurely born children that weigh less than 1.
Underweight children have 10 times more risk of getting mental retardation than normal infants Volkmar, During delivery and after birth, physical injury can result to mental retardation.
The infants brain can also be mental retardation essay as a result of labor difficulty because of fetus malposition. Anoxia and bleeding within the brain are the two common birth traumas that results in brain damage. Radiation on the sex cells of either parent can result in gene mutation.
This can be the cause of defect of the infant, mental retardation essay. This may also happen in a fertilized ovum. The radiation may come from high energy X-rays, radioactive materials, and nuclear weapons testing. Protein deficiency and other vital nutrients may result in physical and mental disorder. The mothers and infants diet has an impact on the childs intelligence level.
Biological agents such as brain tumors may also result in mental retardation. However, the causes of some profound and severe mental retardation types are not certain.
Top 10 writers By ordering a top 10 writers option, your paper will mental retardation essay written by the expert with the vast experience in your research field and advanced writing skills. Your writer will work only on your project. People suffering from Downs syndrome have the trisomy of chromosome Such people have slanted eyes, abnormally thick eyelids skin, flat and broad nose, face, and back of the head.
They may also show frequently speckled iris and fissures. Metabolic factors influence the trisomy of chromosome This is a rare metabolic disorder. A child appears normal at birth but lacks an enzyme required in the breakdown of phenylalanine. When phenylalanine accumulates in the blood, it results in brain damage. This disorder manifests itself in 6 to 12 months after birth Volkmar, Signs of mental retardation become evident.
Patients skin, hair and eyes, appear very pale. When detected early, a child can lead a normal life. Both parents have to carry a PKU recessive gene for the baby to inherit it. It results when thyroid has degenerated or has failed to develop properly, or has suffered an injury. When it happens early in life, the child has dwarf-like features.
These are a thick head and abundant black, wiry hair, thick eyelids, and dry, thick and cold skin. In addition, they have large ears, broad, flat nose, and they do not mature sexually. Mental retardation has also been associated with alteration in size and shape. Macrocephaly, microcephaly and hydrocephaly can result in mental retardation.
Loss of epigenetic regulators causes mental retardation
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Mental retardation is a congenital defect that illness that is irreversible, and patients display slower learning, poor motor skills when compared to normal children of the same age and generally show a lower intellectual level. This paper examines important issues related to mental retardation. What is Mental Retardation A Condition Previously Known As Mental Retardation Education Essay. IntroductionIntellectual disablement (ID), a status antecedently known as mental deceleration, is defined as a disablement characterized by important restrictions both in rational operation and in adaptative behaviour as expressed in conceptual, societal, and practical adaptive accomplishments and that the footing for the Mental Retardation Essay Essay on Mental Retardation in American Society. Mental Retardation in American Society Mental retardation is a very Essay on Mental Retardation in Flowers for Algernon. A drug to treat a type of mental retardation has showed promise. I The Neurobiology of Mental
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